Introduction and Methunadhamma Sikkhāpadaṁ
Pārājika #editing
Introduction #edited
7 types of offenses
- pārājika (prjk)
- saṅghadisesa (sgds)
- thullaccaya (tlc)
- pācittiya (nissaggiya / suddha) (pct)
- pāṭidesanīya (pdn)
- dukkaṭa (dkṭ)
- dubbhāsita (dbs)
Pārājika means defeat / defeated. One who is prjk cannot receive higher ordination (upasampadā) again in this life. Pārājika due to offences other than heinous deeds is not a hindrance for birth in a good life after death (sugati uppatti), jhānas, maggas and phalas, but one who is pārājika and still appears as a bhikkhu / bhikkhunī cannot attain jhānas, paths and fruits and commits a great mistake.
24 pārājikas in Vinaya
- 4 shared between bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs
- 4 exclusive to bhikkhunīs
- 4 derived
- inserting one's own penis into one's own anus
- inserting one's own penis into one's own mouth
- receiving oral sex
- receiving anal sex
- 12 equivalent
- paṇḍaka
- tiracchānagata
- ubhatobyañjanaka
- theyyasaṁvāsaka
- bhikkhunīdūsaka
- titthiyapakkhantaka
- mātughātaka
- pitughātaka
- arahantaghātaka
- lohituppādaka
- saṅghabhedaka
- bhikkhunī who disrobed
description of the 4 pārājikas (similes)
- Having sex: like a beheaded man
- Stealing: like a fallen leaf
- Murder: like a large rock split in two
- Lying about superhuman states: like a palm tree which has had its top cut
- pāḷi:
- methunadhammasikkhāpada
Pārājiko hotīti seyyathāpi nāma puriso sīsacchinno abhabbo tena sarīrabandhanena jīvituṃ, evameva bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevitvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. Tena vuccati – ‘Pārājiko hotī’ti.
As a man who has been beheaded cannot live further by fixing the disembodied head to the headless body, a monk who has sex cannot be a recluse or a son of the Buddha any longer. Owing to that fault, he ceases to be a recluse or a son of the Buddha.
- adinnādānasikkhāpadaṁ
Pārājiko hotīti seyyathāpi nāma paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritatthāya, evameva bhikkhu pādaṃ vā pādārahaṃ vā atirekapādaṃ vā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyitvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. Tena vuccati – ‘Pārājiko hotī’ ti.
As a leaf withered turned brown and fallen from the branch is not possible to turn green again, a monk who has stolen a thing that is worthy of a pāda or an extra-pāda cannot be a recluse or a son of the Buddha any longer. Owing to that fault, he ceases to be a recluse or a son of the Buddha.
- manussaviggahasikkhāpadaṁ
Pārājiko hotīti seyyathāpi nāma puthusilā dvidhā bhinnā appaṭisandhikā hoti, evameva bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggahaṃ jīvitā voropetvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. Tena vuccati – ‘Pārājiko hotī’ ti.
As a large rock split into two halves cannot be refixed, a monk who intentionally deprives a human being of its life cannot be a recluse or a son of the Buddha any longer. Owing to that fault, he ceases to be a recluse or a son of the Buddha.
- uttarimanussadhammasikkhāpadaṁ
Pārājiko hotīti seyyathāpi nāma tālo matthakacchinno abhabbo puna virūḷhiyā, evameva bhikkhu pāpiccho icchāpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapitvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. Tena vuccati – ‘Pārājiko hotī’ ti.
As a palm tree of which the top (head) is cut off does not grow any more, a monk who has falsely claimed himself to possess sublime attainments with evil desires to gain praise and gain cannot be a recluse or a son of the Buddha any longer. Owing to that fault, he ceases to be a recluse or a son of the Buddha
it is impossible that a Buddha would revoke a pārājika rule
vocab: #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- noble discipline↔ariyavinaya
Methunadhammasikkhāpadaṁ #edited
background
- 20 years after the enlightenment, when the Buddha was residing in Vesālī, Ven. Sudinna , who had the capacity to become an arahant, pressed by his mother (did what?) he had sex with his ex-wife thrice in order to give his family an inheritor. The Buddha then laid down the first pārājika; he could not overcome the remorse and died as a puthujjana while his ex-wife and son (Bījaka) ordained and became arahants.
Later another monk was having sex with a female monkey. The monk was caught, judged pārājika and the rule amended (...antamaso tiracchānagatāyapi...)
In the Vajji Country some monks (referred to as vajjiputtaka) had sex and later requested the Buddha for reordination; it was declined and the rule received a second amendment (...bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṁ appaccakkhāya dubbalyaṁ anāvikatvā...). This amendment is related to all the training rules.
- why is sex worse than murder here and in the 10 precepts killing comes first? Is it because one naturally avoids states of aversion? #q🙋🏼♂
explanation of pāḷi words
- "methunaṁ dhammaṁ paṭiseveyya"
- methunadhamma in Vinaya is of 5 types:
- intentionally penetrating a vagina, anus or mouth
- intentionally being penetrated on the vagina, anus or mouth
- allowing the act to happen while being forced to rape by penetrating a vagina, anus or mouth
- allowing the act to happen while being raped
- "partial-sex":
mudupiṭṭhika - autofellatio (taking one's own penis into one's own mouth)
lambī - auto-anal sex
auto-vaginal sex
- dvyaṁdvya samāpatti: sex is done between 2 beings with consent. If one party does not consent/acquiesce during the act it is not considered as sex for that party. #q🙋🏼♂
- 4 organs involved: penis, vagina, mouth and anus. Penis being the essential organ for the act to be considered as sex. The testicles are not the penis.
- "antamaso tiracchānagatāya pi"
- 30 maggas (pathways) for sex
- humans
- male (male (2) or paṇḍaka (2))
- female (female (3) or hermaphrodites (3))
- non-humans
- male (male (2) or paṇḍaka (2))
- female (female (3) or hermaphrodites (3))
- animals
- male (male (2) paṇḍaka (2))
- female (female (3) or hermaphrodites (3))
- animals that are prjk vatthu (stanza)
- "Apadānaṃ ahi macchā
dvipadānañca kukkuṭī,
catuppadānaṃ majjārī
vatthu pārājikassimā"
(without legs snakes and fish,
with two legs hens,
with four legs cats,
are the bases for defeat)
- ahi represents all serpents such as snakes and pythons
- maccha represents all beings living in water such as fish, turtles and frogs
- The kharaṃkamukha frog 🐸: though it has the outer part of its mouth large (counted as a wound under this training rule) the hole which is the entrance to the inside of its mouth is tiny and therefore is a tlc vatthu, not prjk.
- kukkuṭī represents all birds such as crows and pigeons
- majjārī represent all four-legged animals such as cats, dogs and monkeys
- vocab: #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- "aṅgajāta" refers to penis (most often) and sometimes vagina but never mouth or anus
- there are six sides of a penis
- They are the glans (head or tip of the penis), upper surface, lower surface, left surface, right surface and the centre when the penis is folded
- The scrotum and testicles are not considered the penis
- a growth on the penis enters the nimitta, which offense?
- upādinnaka (with kammajarūpa) ⇒ prjk
- upahatakāyapasāda (obstructed kāyapasāda (sensitivity)) => prjk
- anupādinnaka (no kammajarūpa) / naṭṭhakāyapasāda ⇒ dkṭ #q🙋🏼♂
- Vocab: #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- upādinnaka↔containing kammajarūpa
- anupādinnaka↔without kammajarūpa
- upahatakāyapasāda↔kāyapasāda is obstructed (numb)
- naṭṭhakāyappasāda↔kāyapasāda is not there (the body part is dry and without sensitivity; dead; mattacamma (dead skin) sukkhapīḷaka (tumor/lump/cancer))
- mattacamma↔dead skin
- sukkhapīḷaka↔tumor/lump/cancer
- nimitta refers to vagina (most often), and sometimes penis, mouth or anus
- magga refers to vagina (most often), and sometimes penis, mouth or anus
- the criteria applied to the male organ are the presence (upādinnaka), obstruction (upahatakāyapasāda) or absence (anupādinnaka / naṭṭhakāyapasāda) of kāyapasāda and the criteria applied to the female organ are whether it is rotten or decayed
- a rotten body means
- a body that has turned into the stages of uddhumātaka (swollen, bloated), vinīlaka (discolored, livid) vipubbakajāta (festering) when pus oozes from various parts of the body and the corpse becomes something difficult to be reached out; it is mentioned in sub-commentaries that a rotten nimitta is wet (?) (the whole body including the nimittas are dkṭ vatthu) #q🙋🏼♂
- decayed↔khayita #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- vatthikosa↔the foreskin of the penis, lit. the bag of the penis #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- aṇḍakosa↔the scrotum, lit. the bag of the testicles #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
offenses on other body parts
- humans
- eye brackets, ear canals, nostrils, wounds and the vatthikosa (foreskin of the penis) are tlc vatthu
- animals
- large animals (elephants, horses and cows)
- nostrils and vatthikosa are tlc vatthu
- all animals
- eye sockets, ear canals, all other body parts are dkṭ vatthu
magga and amagga
- amagga is↔a hole or wound that is close to any of the 30 nimittas / maggas
- bhagaṅdarā↔a sickness in which a hole appears between the penis/vagina and the anus #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- 4 cases of magga / amagga
- i. maggena maggaṃ pavesati āpatti pārājikassa – entering through a magga and dragging out from a magga - pārājikā offence
- ii. maggena amaggaṃ pavesati āpatti pārājikassa - entering through a magga and dragging out from an amagga - pārājikā offence
- iii. amaggena maggaṃ pavesati āpatti pārājikassa - entering through an amagga and dragging out from a magga - pārājikā offence
- iv. amaggena amaggaṃ pavesati, āpatti thullaccayassa - entering through an amagga and dragging out from an amagga - thullaccaya offense
entering
- entering the penis into an area of the nimitta that does not contact with air under ordinary circumstances (which is normally wet) even the extent of a sesame seed is sufficient for a prjk
coverings
- covered (santhata) or uncovered (asanthata) penis / nimitta does not make any difference. Even if both are covered it is prjk
sādiyana (acquiescence, acceptance, allowance, yieldance) during rape. The rapist is always prjk. The one being raped is prjk only if he enjoys/allows it:
- i. pavesanaṃ sādiyati - accepting while entering / being penetrated
- ii. paviṭṭhaṃ sādiyati - accepting after having entered / having been penetrated
- iii. ṭhitaṃ sādiyati - accepting while ejaculating (oneself or the other)
- iv. uddharaṇaṃ sādiyati - accepting while taking it out / while it is being taken out
- avisayattā anāpatti - one must be paṭibuddha (fully awake) to be prjk
- vocab: #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- avisaya (m.) √sī↔outside of one’s element; out of one’s domain; not within one’s range
- paṭibuddha √budh↔pp. woken up; awakened
āpattivāra (instances of offences)
- entering a nimitta without touching any surface is dkṭ
- rubbing against a tongue or teeth that have come out of the mouth, teeth in a mouth from which the lips were completely removed or protruding teeth that come out of the lips and cannot be covered by them is tlc
- when trying to enter a firmly closed mouth if a penis touches an area that is wet and has no contact with the outer air under normal circumstances it is prjk
- if a lump of flesh grown out from a penis and without bodily sensitivity (anupādinnaka / naṭṭhakāyapasāda) is entered into a wound (tlc vatthu) a monk entails a dkṭ offence; if entered into a nimitta (prjk vatthu) it is a dkṭ
6 anāpatti (non-offence)
- 1. ajānantassa (unconscious)
- 2. asādiyantassa (not enjoy / allow - no intention to have sex)
- 3. ummattakassa (insane - cannot distinguish fire, sandalwood, gold and excrement)
- 4. khittacittassa (insane due to being affected by non-humans)
- 5. vedanaṭṭassa (intense pain/delirious with pain/feels nothing other than pain)
- 6. ādikammikassa (the first offender - Ven. Sudinna)
- note:
- 3, 4, and 5 are free from all offenses in vinaya
- 6 - a few offenders were not free from the offense (saṅghabheda, lohituppāda...)
2 sambhāra (factors)
- sevanacittaṃ – intention to have sex
- maggena maggaṃ pavesanaṃ – entering of a penis (one's own or of another) into any of the thirty nimittas
citta and saññā
- what is a sacittaka / acittaka offense→an offence that is incurred upon a monk for an intentional act is sacittaka; for one done unintentionally is acittaka
- what is a saññāvimokkha / asaññāvimokkha offense→offences that are incurred only for an acts done with saññā are saññāvimokkha (one is free from the offense if there was no saññā); offenses that are incurred regardless of saññā are asaññāvimokkha
- 1st prjk is (sacittaka/acittaka?) sacittaka and (saññāvimokkha/assaññāvimokkha) saññāvimokkha
anāṇattika and sāṇattika
- anāṇattika↔offense that cannot be committed by ordering another (such as having sex) #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- sāṇattika↔offense that can be committed by ordering another (such as stealing) #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
- first pārājikā is (anāṇattika / sāṇattika) anāṇattika
- akappiya-samādāna↔instructing a monk to do something against the Vinaya (dkṭ) #[[pāḷi vocab (1st year) ]]
vagina/anus chart
- alive
- unremoved (prjk)
- outer skin removed, inner skin intact (prjk)
- completely removed (wound) (tlc)
- dead
- unrotten body
- undecayed vaginna/anus (khayita) (prjk)
- decayed vagina/anus
- less than half decayed (prjk)
- half decayed (tlc)
- more than half decayed (tlc)
- rotten body (dkṭ)
