Pāṭidesanīya

Paṭhama Pāṭidesanīya Sikkhāpadaṁ

Background

A bhikkhunī offered her entire alms meal to an unrelated monk on three consecutive days, leading to her hunger and weakness; a layman learned of this, fed her, and criticized monks, prompting the Buddha to establish the rule.

Pāli Rule

Yo pana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāya hatthato khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṃ tena bhikkhunā - “Gārayhaṃ, āvuso, Dhammaṃ āpajjiṃ asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemī” ti.

If any bhikkhu, having accepted it with his own hand from the hand of an unrelated bhikkhunī who has entered an inhabited area for alms, should chew uncooked food or eat cooked food, it is to be acknowledged by that bhikkhu saying: “Friends, I have committed a blameworthy act which is unsuitable, which is to be acknowledged; I acknowledge it.”

Description

Bhikkhus must exercise caution accepting food from bhikkhunīs due to their scarcity of requisites

Aññātikā Bhikkhunī – definition and exceptions
- Non-relative (not blood-related within seven generations)
- Ubhato saṅghe upasampannā (fully ordained by both Saṅghas)
- Exceptions:
  - Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī and 500 Sākyan bhikkhunīs (deemed full despite single ordination);
  - natural sex-change monk becoming bhikkhunī (full despite single ordination).
- Notes: if ekato upasampannā, dkṭ for both accepting and consuming.
Antaraghara – areas included
- Village area including:
  - rathikā (connecting vehicular road; main road)
  - byūhaṃ (non-connecting vehicular road; alleyway)
  - siṅghāṭakaṃ (road junction; intersection)
  - gharaṃ (lay house)
  - comm.: also hatthisālā (elephant stalls)
Kappiya Bhūmi – areas exempted
- Antarārāma (monks’ monastery inside a village)
- Bhikkhunūpassaya (bhikkhunīs’ residence)
- Titthiyaseyya (non-Buddhist monastery)
  - :q: is modern-day mahāyana monasteries under this?
- Paṭikkamana (dining hall)
  - :q: discussion of whether it includes restaurants and hotels; maybe yes
- Note: the offence is based on bhikkhunī’s offering location, not the bhikkhu’s consumption site.
Edible Items – pātidesanīya-, dukkaṭa-, and kappiya- vatthu
- Pātidesanīya Vatthu: Yāvakālika (khādanīya/bhojanīya);
  - acceptance: dukkaṭa
  - each swallow: pāṭidesanīya
- Dukkaṭa Vatthu: Non-yāvakālika (yāmakālika, sattāhakālika, yāvajīvika) for āhārattha
  - acceptance and each swallow: dukkaṭa
- Kappiya Vatthu: Yāmakālika for thirst/sickness; sattāhakālika/yāvajīvika for medicine
  - anāpatti
Dāna – 2 factors
- sahatthā (by hand, including utensil in hand)
- anupanikkhipitvā (direct: into bhikkhu’s vessel or body part)
  - if upanikkhipitvā (placed on ground/table not touching bhikkhu): anāpatti

Offences

Accepting yāvakālika intending to consume it: dkṭ
- Swallowing it: ptd per swallow
Accepting non-yāvakālika edible for hunger: dkṭ
- Swallowing it: dkṭ per swallow
Accepting from ekatoupasampanna: all dkṭ

Non-Offences

aññātikāya
- Ñātikāya (relative bhikkhunī).
bhikkhuniyā
- Sikkhamānāya/sāmaṇeriyā (trainee or novice nun).
  - ekatoupasampanna: dkṭ
antaragharaṁ paviṭṭhāya
- Gāmato nīharitvā deti (offered outside village).
- Offerings in kappiya bhūmi (antarārāma, etc.).
hattatho…patiggahetvā
- Dāpeti na deti (offered via intermediary).
- Upanikkhipitvā deti (indirect placement near bhikkhu).
khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā
- Yāmakālika/sattāhakālika/yāvajīvika “sati paccaye paribhuñjā”ti (for non-hunger purposes)

Vocabulary

rathika/ā

rathikā: fem. main road; carriage road; lit. related to carriages ratha + ikā ✓ rathika: masc. charioteer; driver ratha + ika ✓
byūhaṃ

masc. (of army) array; formation; parade vi + √yūh + a ✓ nt. alley; alleyway; cul-de-sac vi + √yūh + a ✓ masc. mass or collection ✗

Factors

Aññātikatā (non-relative).
Paripuṇṇūpasampannatā (full bhikkhunī).
Antaraghare ṭhitāya hatthato sahatthā paṭiggahaṇaṃ (hand-acceptance from village-standing nun).
Yāvakālikatā (yāvakālika item).
Ajjhoharaṇaṃ (swallowing).

Other elements

Citta and Saññā: acittaka, nosaññāvimokkha

Āpatti and its saññā: tika-pāṭidesanīya, duka-dukkaṭa; aññātikā/ñātikā saññā

Kusalattika and vedanāttika: ticitta, tivedanā

Vajja: paññattivajja

Kiriya: kiriya

Samuṭṭhāna: kāya, kāya-citta

Kamma: kāyakamma

Dutiya Pāṭidesanīya Sikkhāpadaṁ

Background

At alms events, Chabbaggiyā bhikkhunīs directed lay offerings to favor Chabbaggiyā bhikkhus, leaving others dissatisfied; monks criticized this, leading the Buddha to establish the rule prohibiting failure to dismiss such bhikkhunīs.

Pāli Rule

Bhikkhū paneva kulesu nimantitā bhuñjanti, tatra ce sā bhikkhunī vosāsamānarūpā ṭhitā hoti – ‘Idha sūpaṃ detha, idha odanaṃ dethā’ti, tehi bhikkhūhi sā bhikkhunī apasādetabbā – ‘Apasakka tāva, bhagini, yāva bhikkhū bhuñjantī’ti. Ekassa cepi bhikkhuno na paṭibhāseyya taṃ bhikkhuniṃ apasādetuṃ – ‘Apasakka tāva, bhagini, yāva bhikkhū bhuñjantī’ti paṭidesetabbaṃ tehi bhikkhūhi – ‘Gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjimhā asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemā”ti.

Now, bhikkhus who have been invited eat among families, and if a bhikkhunī who is giving directions is standing there saying, “Give curry here, give rice here!” then by those bhikkhus that bhikkhunī is to be dismissed saying, “Go away, sister, for as long as the bhikkhus eat!” and if not even one bhikkhu would speak against it, so as to dismiss that bhikkhunī saying, “Go away, sister, for as long as the bhikkhus eat!” then it is to be acknowledged by those bhikkhus, “Friends, we have committed a blameworthy act which is unsuitable, which is to be acknowledged; we acknowledge it.”

Description

Applies to nimantita (named bhojana invitation) pañca bhojana in kula (lay households in antaraghara); prohibits failure to dismiss full bhikkhunī giving vosāsanā (favoritism-based directions).

Kulesu nimantitā – definition
- kula: lay household in antaraghara
- nimantitā: monks have been invited with the mention of a pañcabhojana
Vosāsanā – definition
- Favoritism Instructing – e.g., “Idha sūpaṃ detha, idha odanaṃ dethā”ti;
1. 5 bases of favoritism
  - Yathāmittatā (friendship)
  - yathāsandiṭṭhatā (familiarity)
  - yathāsambhattatā (association)
  - yathāsamānupajjhāyakatā (same preceptor)
  - yathāsamānācariyakatā (same teacher)
  1. Vosāsamānarūpā – definition
    
    The instructing nun.

Offences

Failure to dismiss a vosāsamānarūpā bhikkhunī: ptd for all eating bhikkhus if none act (“Apasakka tāva, bhagini, yāva bhikkhū bhuñjantī”ti)
- After failing to dismiss, accepting intending to consume it: dkṭ
- Swallowig it: ptd per swallow
Failing to dismiss an ekato upasampannā: dkṭ
- Accepting it from her intending to consume it: dkṭ
- Swallowing it: dkṭ per swallow

Non-Offences

Attano bhattaṃ dāpeti na deti: if the nun makes someone else distribute her own food
- If she gives by herself, ptds offense under the 1st ptds rule.
Aññesaṃ bhattaṃ deti na dāpeti: if she gives pañcabhojana that belongs to someone else
- If she offers someone else’s pañcabhojana through someone else: ptds offense under this rule
Yaṃ na dinnaṃ taṃ dāpeti: if she makes others offer unoffered pañcabhojana (:q: clarify)
- nothing is mentioned in the books; bhante’s opinion: she finds out that some food items have not been offered and she has them offered
Yattha na dinnaṃ tattha dāpeti: if she makes others offer pañcabhojana to monks to whom they were not offered.
Sabbesaṃ samakaṃ dāpeti: if she instructs others to give equally
Sikkhamānā / Sāmaṇerī vosāsati
Pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha: if it’s not pañcabhojana

summary:

pañcabhojana	bkī's action	outcome
- hers	offers	1st ptds rule: ptds
- hers	makes others offer	anāpatti
- another's	offers	anāpatti
- another's	makes others offer	2nd ptds rule: ptds
- unoffered	makes others offer	anāpatti

mem aid:

hers and she offers: 1st ptds
another’s and she makes others offer: 2nd ptds

Factors

Paripuṇṇūpasampannatā (full bhikkhunī).
Pañcabhojanatā (pañca bhojana item).
Antaraghare ṭhitāya anuññātappakārato aññathā vosāsanā: a nun in the village giving orders in an unallowable way.
Anivāraṇā (not preventing).
Ajjhohāro (swallowing).
- :q: does the bhikkhuni being ñātaka / aññātaka makes a difference or not?

Other elements

Citta and Saññā: acittaka, nosaññāvimokkha

Āpatti and its saññā: tika-pāṭidesanīya, duka-dukkaṭa; upasampanna/asampanna saññā

Kusalattika and vedanāttika: ticitta, tivedanā

Vajja: paññattivajja

Kiriya: kiriyākiriyā

Samuṭṭhāna: kāya-vācā / kāya-vācā-citta

Kamma: kāyakamma, vacīkamma

Vocabulary

vosāsana

nt. instruction, education ✗
apasakkati

ppr. (+acc) moves aside; goes away; stands back apa + √sakk + a + ti ✓
apasādetabba

ptp. (+instr) should be rebuked (by); should be reprimanded (by); should be discouraged (by); should be condemned (by); lit. to be caused to sink apa + √sad + *e + tabba ✓
vosāsati

pr. (+acc) gives orders; commands; directs vi + ava + √sās + a + ti ~
apasādetuṃ

inf. (+acc) to rebuke; to reprimand; to discourage; to condemn; lit. to cause to sink away apa + √sad + *e + tuṃ ✓

Tatiya Pāṭidesanīya Sikkhāpadaṁ

Background

A sotāpanna couple gave excessively to monks, declining in wealth while growing in faith; criticism arose, leading to sekkha sammuti procedure; amendments allowed prior-invited or sick monks to accept food.

Rule in Pāḷi

Yāni kho pana tāni sekkhasammatāni kulāni, yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpesu sekkhasammatesu kulesu pubbe animantito agilāno khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṃ tena bhikkhunā – ‘Gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjiṃ asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemī”ti.

Now, there are those families which are agreed upon as trainees: if any bhikkhu who has not been invited beforehand, who is not ill, should chew uncooked food or eat cooked food having accepted it with his own hand in families who are of such a kind, who are considered trainees, then it is to be acknowledged by that bhikkhu: “Friends, I have committed a blameworthy act which is unsuitable, which is to be acknowledged; I acknowledge it.”

Description

Prohibits uninvited, non-sick acceptance/consumption of yāvakālika from sekkha sammata kula (faith-growing, wealth-declining noble household) to protect donors.

Sekkha Sammata Kula – definition
- a faith-growing, wealth-declining-for-giving noble household
  - kula: family in which both spouses are sotāpannas (:q: what about higher ariyas?)
  - saddhāya vaḍḍhati: growing in saddhā
  - bhogena hāyati: declining wealth due to giving, not squandering
1. How the Sekkhasammata status is conferred
  
  Status conferred via sekkha sammuti kammavācā (Ñatti-dutiya-kamma: “Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmaṃ kulaṃ saddhāya vaḍḍhati, bhogena hāyati…”).
Nimantana – definition
- Invitation for yāvakālika meal
  - time period:
    - for today (ajjatanāya)
    - or tomorrow (svātanāya)
  - location:
    - before entering gharūpacāra (house vicinity)
      - if the invitation is made after the monk has entered the gharūpacāra, it doesn’t count as invitation under this rule.
- notes: differs from standard nimantana (here no bhojana naming, includes khādanīya)
Gilāna – definition

Illness preventing going for piṇḍapāta.

Offenses

Yāvakālika (uninvited, non-sick, entering gharūpacāra):
- Acceptance: dkṭ
- Swallow: ptd per swallow
Non-yāvakālika for hunger:
- Acceptance: dkṭ
- Swallow: dkṭ per swallow

Non-Offences

monk
- Nimantitassa (prior invitation before gharūpacāra).
- Gilānassa (illness preventing piṇḍapāta).
food
- Nimantitassa/gilānassa sesakaṃ bhuñjati (leftovers from invited/sick monk).
- Aññesaṃ bhikkhā tattha paññattā (others’ prepared food).
- Niccabhatte/salākabhatte/pakkhike/uposathike/pāṭipadike (regular/lot/biweekly/uposatha/post-uposatha meals).
- Yāmakālika/sattāhakālika/yāvajīvika “sati paccaye paribhuñjā”ti (for specific non-hunger reasons).
acceptance
- Gharato nīharitvā denti (brought outside house pre-arrival; not if post-arrival).

Factors

Sekkhasammatatā (sekkha-conferred household).
Pubbe animantitatā (no prior invitation).
Gharūpacārokkamanaṃ (entering house vicinity).
Agilānatā (not sick).
Ṭhapetvā niccabhattādīni aññaṃ āmisaṃ gahetvā bhuñjanaṃ (consuming non-exempt yāvakālika).

Other Elements

Citta and Saññā: acittaka, nosaññāvimokkha

Āpatti and its saññā: tika-pāṭidesanīya, duka-dukkaṭa; sekkhasammata/asekkhasammata saññā

Kusalattika and vedanāttika: ticitta, tivedanā

Vajja: paññattivajja

Kiriya: kiriya

Samuṭṭhāna: kāya, kāya-citta

Kamma: kāyakamma

Catuttha Pāṭidesanīya Sikkhāpadaṁ

Background

Sakyan women offering meals to forest monasteries were robbed and assaulted by slaves due to lack of monk warning; Buddha established rule for risky monasteries; amendment allowed sick monks to accept unannounced food.

Rule in Pāḷi

Yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsaṅkasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni,

yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṃviditaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā

agilāno khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṃ tena bhikkhunā

– “Gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjiṃ asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemī”ti.

Now, there are those wilderness lodgings which are considered risky, which are dangerous: if any bhikkhu, staying in lodgings which are of such a kind, without having announced the danger beforehand, having accepted the food with his own hand inside the monastery, and then not being ill, should chew uncooked food or eat cooked food, then it is to be acknowledged by that bhikkhu, “Friends, I have committed a blameworthy act which is unsuitable, which is to be acknowledged; I acknowledge it.”

chanting style: 1b-l

Description

Prohibits acceptance/consumption of unannounced yāvakālika inside sāsaṅka sammata sappaṭibhaya ārañña senāsana to protect sponsors.

Ārañña Senāsana – definition

Forest monastery 500 dhanu (1 dhanu = 9 pakatipurisavidatthi) to 1 gāvuta from village through the road
Sāsaṅka Sammata Sappaṭibhaya – definition
- Sāsaṅka Sammata: suspicious; thief signs: living/eating/standing/sitting/sleeping places nearby
- Sappaṭibhaya: dangerous; dead bodies or stolen goods nearby from thieves.
Ajjhārāma – `efinition
- Bounded: inside boundary is ajjhārāma
  - :q: from the boundary, 1 ldpt is ārāmupacāra? is it used in vinaya?
- Unbounded: inside the ārāma and its upacāra is considered ajjhārāma
  - this means that accepting the food in the upacāra would also constitute an offense
Paṭisaṃvidita and Appaṭisaṁvidita
- Paṭisaṁvidita: Pre-notified yāvakālika (e.g., by non-sahadhammika messenger: “Itthannāmassa khādanīyaṃ/bhojanīyaṁ āharissantī”ti)
  - notification happens in the ārāma / upacāra
  - includes accompaniments, family/village/group members’ food, extra food from unannounced joiners
  - Kurundi: if yāgu has been announced but cakes or rice is brought: allowable
- Appaṭisaṃvidita:
  - unannounced
  - announced by sahadhammika
  - announced outside ārāma/upacāra
1. procedure when notified of incoming yāvakālika
  - monk must warn of sāsaṅka/sappaṭibhaya nature of the monastery
  - if the food will be brought anyways, the monk must inform the thieves and ask them not to harm the donors
2. procedure when appaṭisaṁvidita food is brought
  - option 1:
    - send it out of the ārāma and its upacāra
    - have the donors send a messenger inside the monastery and announce the meal
    - have them bring it and offer the food
  - option 2:
    - go outside the ārāma and its upacāra and accept it there
    - bring it back and consume it (pc-a)
Gilāna – definition

Illness preventing going for piṇḍapāta.

Offenses

Appaṭisaṃvidita yāvakālika (non-sick, inside):
- Accepting intending to consume it: dkṭ
- Swallowing: ptd per swallow
Non-yāvakālika for hunger:
- Accepting: dkṭ
- Swallowing: dkṭ per swallow
Accepting it inside the aparikkhitta ārāmūpacāra: offense
Handling Unannounced: Send out for re-announcement; or accept outside and bring in.

Non-Offences

Paṭisaṃvidite (announced).
Gilānassa (illness preventing piṇḍapāta).
Paṭisaṃvidite/gilānassa sesakaṃ bhuñjati (leftovers from announced/sick; extras for others; excess storable sans sannidhi).
Bahārāme paṭiggahetvā antoārāme bhuñjati (accept outside, eat inside).
Tattha jātakaṃ mūlaṃ/tacaṃ/pattaṃ/pupphaṃ/phalaṃ (monastery-grown organics, raw or cooked inside; not if village-cooked without announcement).
Yāmakālika/sattāhakālika/yāvajīvika “sati paccaye paribhuñjā”ti (for non-hunger).

Factors

Yathāvuttaāraññakasenāsanatā (suspicious/dangerous forest monastery).
Yāvakālikassa atatthajātakatā (yāvakālika not monastery-grown).
Agilānatā (not sick).
Agilānāvasesakatā (not sick-monk leftover).
Appaṭisaṃviditatā (unannounced).
Ajjhārāme paṭiggahaṇaṃ (inside acceptance).
Ajjhoharaṇaṃ (swallowing).
- :q: what about the sahatthā factor mentioned in the rule?

Other Elements

Citta and Saññā: acittaka, nosaññāvimokkha

Āpatti and its saññā: tika-pāṭidesanīya, duka-dukkaṭa; appaṭisaṃvidita/paṭisaṃvidita saññā

Kusalattika and vedanāttika: ticitta, tivedanā

Vajja: paññattivajja

Kiriya: kiriya

Samuṭṭhāna: kāya-vācā/kāya-vācā-citta

Kamma: kāyakamma, vacīkamma

:q: can a long term inviation be accepted once or must it be done every day?