Kārakakaṇḍa

Meanings of sattamī vibhatti

ādhāra- / okāsa / ādhikaraṇa- attha (container)
- sakuṇo rukkhe nisīdati
nimittattha (kāraṇa, hetu)
- sampajānamusāvāde pācittiyaṃ (a pācittiya offence occurs because of knowingly telling a lie)
aññavibhattiyattha
- kammattha
  - bhikkhūsu abhivādenti (they pay homage to the monks)
  - muddhani cumbitvā (having kissed the head)
  - bāhāsu gahetvā (having grasped (someone’s) arms)
- karaṇattha
  - sopi maṃ anusāseyya, sampaṭicchāmi matthake (i receive it with the head)
  - pattesu piṇḍāya caranti (they go for alms with bowls)
- sampadānattha
  - saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ (what is given to the saṅgha bears great fruit)
  - saṅghe gotamī, dehi (Gotamī, give it to the saṅgha)
- apādāna
  - kadalīsu gaje rakkhanti (they keep the elephants (away) from the banana trees)
- shared with chaṭṭhī
  - (ādhārattha)
  - (nimittattha)
  - niddhāraṇattha (selection)
    - amhesu yo amataṁ adhigacchati so itarassa ārocetu (among us, whoever atains the deathless should inform the other)
    - appakā te manussesu, ye janā pāragāmino (among human beings, those people who go to the far shore are few)
  - bhāvalakkhaṇattha (temporal marking with an action)
    - bodhisatte jāyamāne dasasahassilokadhātu saṅkampi (when the bodhisatta was being born, the ten-thousand world system trembled)
    - imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti
  - anādarattha (disregard)
    - so mātāpitaresu rudantesu pabbaji (he went forth into homelessness while his parents were weeping)
      - or mātāpitunnaṁ rudantānaṁ
  - with sāmi (owner), issara (lord), etc
    - gosu sāmi (the owner of the cattle)
    - or gunnaṁ

mem aid: 23456

ādhāra- / okāsa- / adhikaraṇa- attha – definition

kriyaṃ ādhāretīti ādhāro: it is ādhāro since it supports actions

ādhāra: support
- place which is the support of the action
- that which bears actions
- where an action occurs
- note: an action resides in the agent / object, so supporting either of them is supporting the action
  - the man sits on the mat: the action of sitting exists in, rests upon the man, who is the agent
  - rice is cooked in the pot:
    - the rice (object) is located in the pot
    - the action of cooking rests upon the rice
okāsa: place
adhikaraṇa: cause, support, container
note: kāraka attha since it directly contributes to the production of the action

nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane (the Blessed One sat on the prepared seat)

āsane: on the seat – the support of the action of sitting
4 types of ādhāra
- byāpika ādhāra (pervasion-support): support which something spreads in or pervades
  - tilesu telaṃ tiṭṭhati (oil exists in sesame seeds)
  - jale khīraṃ tiṭṭhati (milk exists in water)
  - byāpeti: to spread or pervade
- opasilesika ādhāra (contact-support): support which something exists on / upon something else (rests upon, remains upon as though attached)
  - kaṭe nisīdati puriso (the man sits on a mat)
  - nisīdi bhagavā āsane (the Blessed One sat on the seat)
  - ghaṭe jalaṃ tiṭṭhati (water remains in the pot)
- sāmīpika ādhāra (proximity-support): support that expresses nearness or proximity
  - gaṅgāyaṃ ghoso tiṭṭhati (a cowherd village stands (near) the Ganges)
  - bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati (the Blessed One dwells (near) the city of Sāvatthī)
- vesayika (domain-support): support as a domain in which something exists (medium, state, sphere, time)
  - sakuṇā ākāse pakkhandanti (birds fly in the sky)
  - macchā udake caranti (fish move in the water)
  - pāpasmiṃ ramatī mano (the mind is a delighter in evil)
  - so pubbaṇhasamaye gato (he was gone in the morning)
mem aid: a seed (pervasion) falls (contact) near the tree (proximity) on the water (domain)

byāpiko tilakhīrādi, kaṭo opasilesiko sāmīpiko tu gaṅgādi, ākāso visayo mato (rpsd) pervasive-support: sesame seeds and milk a mat: contact-support but proximity-support: the Ganges, etc. the sky: a domain-support
- tu: however, but, rather, rather than

nimittattha

similar to the nimittattha of tatiyā and pañcamī: cause

kuñjaro dantesu haññate (the elephant is killed because of its tusks)
sampajānamusāvāde pācittiyaṃ (a pācittiya offence occurs because of knowingly telling a lie)

note: cause can be expressed by all vibhattis:

paṭhamā / dutiyā: kiṃ kāraṇaṃ? (for what reason?)
tatiyā:
catutthī / chaṭṭhī: taṃ kissa hetu? (for what cause is that?)
- rpsd: chaṭṭhī
- mgln: all 7 cases may be used with pronouns to express the meaning of cause
pañcamī:
(:q: add other examples; make table; show different names for cause (nimitta, hetu, kāraṇa…)

niddhāraṇattha / ubbāhana

niddhāraṇa / ubbāhana: selecting, picking something out from a group

niddhāraṇīya: that which is picked out from a group
niddhāraṇa samudāya: the group from which something is picked out
- normally plural but occasionally singular
  - adhipatippaccaye sahajātādhipati nāma dhammekadeso (among the adhipati paccaya, the sahājata adhipati is one dhamma-part)
renderings: among, out of, of
expressed in either the chaṭṭhī / sattamī vibhatti
- with chaṭṭhī
  - tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati (the tathāgata is called the greatest among them)
  - arahataṃ aññataro ahosi (he was one among the arahants)
  - imesaṃ tesattatiyā ñāṇānaṃ sattasaṭṭhi ñāṇāni sāvakāsādhāraṇāni (out of these 73 kinds of knowledge, 67 are in common with the disciples)
- with sattamī
  - appakā te manussesu, ye janā pāragāmino (among human beings, those people who go to the far shore are few)
  - yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesu (among human beings, that who is greater than all who speak)
  - pahāya gamanīyesu, etaṃ ādāya gacchati (among the many things that must be abandoned and left, one goes taking only this wholesome treasure)
4 kinds of niddhāraṇa
- jāti
  - manussesu khattiyo sūratamo. “among human beings, the warrior is the bravest.”
- guṇa
  - Gāvīnaṃ kaṇhā sampannakhīratamā. - “Among cows, the black one has the richest milk.”
- kriyā
  - Pathikānaṃ dhāvanto sīghatamo. - “Among travelers, the one who runs is the fastest.”
- nāma
  - Arahataṃ āyasmā Ānando… - “Among the Arahants, the venerable Ānanda…”
- note: these distinctions depend on whether the selection is made by means of a class, a quality, an action, or a name

bhāvalakkhaṇattha

bhāvena bhāvassa lakkhaṇaṃ bhāvalakkhaṇaṃ: the marking of an action by means of another action

bhāva: action
bhāvalakkhaṇa: the marking of the time at which one action occurs by means of another action
the term that marks the time is expressed in either the chaṭṭhī / sattamī vibhatti

bodhisatte jāyamāne dasasahassilokadhātu saṅkampi (when the bodhisatta was being born, the ten-thousand world element trembled)

bodhisatte jāyamāne: lakkhaṇa
- (:q: are both bodhisatte and jātamāne considered the bhāvalakkhaṇā or just the verbal noun?)
TODO 4 aspects of bhāvalakkhaṇattha
- lakkhaṇa: noun that expresses the action marking the time of another action – in chaṭṭhī / sattamī
- lakkhaṇavanta (the possessor of the marking action): the subject or object connected with the marking action
- lakkhya (the marked action): the action the time of which is being marked
- lakkhyavanta (the possessor of the marked action): the subject or object connected with the marked action
- e.g.:
  - bodhisatte jāyamāne dasasahassiyalokadhātu saṅkampi
    - jāyamāne: lakkhaṇa
    - bodhisatte: lakkhaṇavanta
    - saṅkampi: lakkhya
    - dasasahassiyalokadhātu: lakkhyavanta
  - aññatarassa bhikkhuno passāvaṃ karontassa asuci mucci (when a certain monk was urinating, semen was discharged)
  - imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti (when this exists, that comes to be)
- note:
  - both the genitive and locative can be used in this meaning only when the marking action and the marked action have different subjects. if both actions are performed by the same subject, the genitive or locative is not used for the marking action.
  - example: so gāmaṃ gacchanto rukkhamūlaṃ pāpuṇi “while going to the village, he reached the foot of a tree.”
  - the bhāvalakkhaṇa meaning can also be expressed not only by the genitive and locative cases, but also by the present-participial suffixes “anta” and “māna” which are used in the present tense
TODO anādarattha

(under bhavalakkhaṇa with this additional meaning)
- anādara: disrespect, disregard, not giving importance to something
- the noun expressing the action that is disregarded takes either the genitive or the locative case
examples: • mātāpitunnaṃ rudantānaṃ / rudantesu pabbaji “he went forth while his parents were weeping.” • maccu gacchati ādāya pekkhamāṇe mahājane “death carries him away while the great crowd is looking on.

with words such as sāmi, issara, adhipati, etc

gunnaṃ / gosu sāmi (the owner of the cattle)
gunnaṃ / gosu issaro (the lord of the cattle)
gunnaṃ / gosu adhipati (the lord of the cattle)

footnotes

10 In a sentence, verb (action word) is the principal word, while the noun is the secondary word. The secondary word follows the principal word. Therefore, when the marking action (lakkhaṇa action) stands in the locative case, the corresponding subject or object that is in apposition with it also stands in the locative case.

Padhānamappadhānesu, padhāne gahite sati; Gahitaṃ appadhānampi, naṅgalānudakaṃ yathā. (rpsd) Among the principal and the secondary, when the principal is taken, the secondary is also automatically taken. It is like the water that follows behind the plough.

11 When the principal action occurs as the result of the marking action, the marking action may also express the meaning of cause (hetu). Imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti “When this cause exists, this result occurs,” or “Because this cause exists, this result occurs.” Another example: Tassa me evaṃ jānato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimucci. Tassa me evaṃ jānato – “When I was knowing thus,” or “Because I was knowing thus,” Kāmāsavāpi - “from the influx of sensual desire,” Cittaṃ vimucci – “the mind was liberated.”

When this meaning is conveyed through these suffixes, the grammatical case used is not important. Therefore, even though the nominative case is used in the example above, the suffix “anta” expresses the bhāvalakkhaṇa meaning.