“In common with” vs. “Common to”

“In common with” describes a shared characteristic between two or more entities.

• Grammar: “in common” functions adverbially, often with “have,” to indicate a shared quality. “With” introduces the other entity sharing that quality.
• Focus: comparison and shared possession.
• Example: He has many interests in common with his father. (They both possess those interests.)

“Common to someone/something” describes a characteristic that is widespread among or applies generally to a group or category.

• Grammar: “common” is an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., “a belief common…”). “To” indicates the group or domain where the characteristic is prevalent.
• Focus: prevalence, typicality, or general applicability within a specified group.
• Example: This behavior is common to all adolescents. (It’s a typical behavior observed across the group of adolescents.)